diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index a58cb9b..1f5ed49 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
         "stdio.h": "c",
         "ostream": "c",
         "system_error": "c",
-        "variant": "c"
+        "variant": "c",
+        "string.h": "c",
+        "cstdlib": "c"
     }
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 24d6015..37814ad 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ SRCS = $(wildcard $(SRC_DIR)/*.c)
 OBJS = $(SRCS:$(SRC_DIR)/%.c=$(DIST_DIR)/%.o)
 TARGET = $(DIST_DIR)/main
 
-# 确保 dist 目录存在
 MKDIR_P = mkdir -p
 
 all: $(TARGET)
diff --git a/src/app.c b/src/app.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8edab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app.c
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "app.h"
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define RES_BYTES 40
+#define COLOR_BYTES 24
+
+volatile sig_atomic_t stop = 0;
+
+double get_time_elapsed(const struct timeval* start_time) {
+    struct timeval current_time;
+    gettimeofday(&current_time, NULL);
+
+    return (current_time.tv_sec - start_time->tv_sec) +
+           (current_time.tv_usec - start_time->tv_usec) / 1000000.0;
+}
+
+void handle_sigint(int) {
+    stop = 1;
+}
+
+void init_app(AppContext* ctx) {
+    ctx->stop_flag = 0;
+
+    signal(SIGINT, handle_sigint);
+    gettimeofday(&ctx->start_time, NULL);
+    ctx->light_fd = init_device("/dev/spidev1.0");
+    if (ctx->light_fd < 0) {
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    ctx->num_leds = 60;
+    ctx->data_size = COLOR_BYTES * ctx->num_leds + RES_BYTES;
+    ctx->buffer = malloc(ctx->data_size);
+    ctx->colors = malloc(sizeof(Color) * ctx->num_leds);
+    ctx->status = malloc(sizeof(Status));
+
+    if (!ctx->buffer || !ctx->colors || !ctx->status) {
+        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    init_status(ctx->status);
+}
+
+void render(AppContext* ctx) {
+    ctx->status->time = get_time_elapsed(&ctx->start_time);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_leds; i++) {
+        ctx->status->index = i;
+        ctx->colors[i] = shader(ctx->status);
+    }
+}
+
+void submit(AppContext* ctx) {
+    construct_buffer(ctx->buffer, ctx->colors, ctx->num_leds, COLOR_BYTES,
+                     RES_BYTES);
+    send_buffer(ctx->light_fd, ctx->buffer, ctx->data_size);
+}
+
+void event_loop(AppContext* ctx) {
+    render(ctx);
+    submit(ctx);
+
+    if (stop != 0) {
+        ctx->stop_flag = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+void exit_app(AppContext* ctx) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < ctx->num_leds; i++) {
+        if (i == 0) {
+            ctx->colors[i] = hex_to_color(0xFFFFFF);
+        } else {
+            ctx->colors[i] = hex_to_color(0x000000);
+        }
+    }
+
+    submit(ctx);
+
+    free(ctx->buffer);
+    free(ctx->colors);
+    close(ctx->light_fd);
+}
diff --git a/src/app.h b/src/app.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bf453e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/app.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#ifndef APP_H
+#define APP_H
+
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include "shader.h"
+#include "spi_utils.h"
+
+typedef struct AppContext {
+    int stop_flag;
+    int light_fd;
+    uint8_t* buffer;
+    Color* colors;
+    Status* status;
+    struct timeval start_time;
+    int num_leds;
+    int data_size;
+} AppContext;
+
+void init_app(AppContext* ctx);
+void event_loop(AppContext* ctx);
+void exit_app(AppContext* ctx);
+
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main.c b/src/main.c
index d54fa9b..c7ae289 100644
--- a/src/main.c
+++ b/src/main.c
@@ -8,87 +8,16 @@
 #include "color_utils.h"
 #include "shader.h"
 #include "spi_utils.h"
-
-#define RES_BYTES 40
-#define COLOR_BYTES 24
-
-volatile sig_atomic_t stop = 0;
-
-const int num_leds = 60;
-const int data_size = COLOR_BYTES * num_leds + RES_BYTES;
-
-int light_fd;
-int server_fd;
-
-struct timeval start_time;
-uint8_t* buffer;
-Color* colors;
-Status* status;
-
-void handle_sigint(int) {
-    stop = 1;
-}
-
-double get_time_elapsed() {
-    struct timeval current_time;
-    gettimeofday(&current_time, NULL);
-
-    return (current_time.tv_sec - start_time.tv_sec) +
-           (current_time.tv_usec - start_time.tv_usec) / 1000000.0;
-}
-
-void submit() {
-    construct_buffer(buffer, colors, num_leds, COLOR_BYTES, RES_BYTES);
-    send_buffer(light_fd, buffer, data_size);
-}
-
-void render_exit() {
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_leds; i++) {
-        if (i == 0) {
-            colors[i] = hex_to_color(0xFFFFFF);
-        } else {
-            colors[i] = hex_to_color(0x000000);
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-void render() {
-    status->time = get_time_elapsed(start_time);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < num_leds; i++) {
-        status->index = i;
-        colors[i] = shader(status);
-    }
-}
-
-void init() {
-    signal(SIGINT, handle_sigint);
-    gettimeofday(&start_time, NULL);
-    const char* device = "/dev/spidev1.0";
-    light_fd = init_device(device);
-
-    buffer = malloc(data_size);
-    colors = malloc(sizeof(Color) * num_leds);
-    status = malloc(sizeof(Status));
-}
-
-void clean_up() {
-    render_exit();
-    submit();
-
-    free(buffer);
-    free(colors);
-    close(light_fd);
-}
+#include "app.h"
 
 int main() {
-    init();
+    AppContext ctx;
+    init_app(&ctx);
 
-    while (!stop) {
-        render();
-        submit();
+    while (!ctx.stop_flag) {
+        event_loop(&ctx);
     }
 
-    clean_up();
+    exit_app(&ctx);
     return 0;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/shader.c b/src/shader.c
index ebe1c5b..55d3813 100644
--- a/src/shader.c
+++ b/src/shader.c
@@ -1,5 +1,10 @@
 #include "shader.h"
 
+void init_status(Status* status) {
+    status->index = 0;
+    status->time = 0;
+}
+
 Color shader(Status* status) {
     if (status->index == 0) {
         return hex_to_color(0xFFFFFF);
diff --git a/src/shader.h b/src/shader.h
index 318c82b..96999c7 100644
--- a/src/shader.h
+++ b/src/shader.h
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ typedef struct {
     double time;
 } Status;
 
+void init_status(Status* status);
 Color shader(Status* status);
 
 #endif
\ No newline at end of file